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Abdomen: the rear section of the body Cercus (plural -cerci): pincer-like appendages found in both sexes at the rear of the abdomen, which may be used to assist in copulation. Coxa: the first segment (from the body) of the leg. Femur (plural -femora): the third division (upper section) of the leg. Forewings: are protective and tough; to cover the folded hind wings (if they are present). Keels: the ridges on the pronotum; the side keel markings on the pronotum of the grasshoppers are often an aid to identification. Legs: consisting of fore-legs, mid-legs and hind-legs. Each of these is divided into the coxa, trochanter, femur, tibia and tarsus. Macropterous: (long-winged). Many Orthoptera have macropterous forms. This is especially true of the bush-crickets. Palps: the two pairs of extensions to mouthparts. Pronotum: saddles the first section of the thorax and may be greatly extended over the abdomen in groundhoppers. Stigma: a region of small veins on the forewing, sometimes showing as a pale spot or crescent. Stridulation: rubbing two parts of the body together to produce a noise or 'song'. Tarsus: the foot - fifth and final part of the leg (which is further segmented). Thorax: the section of the body between the head and abdomen. Tibia: the fourth section (from the body) of the leg. Trochanter: the second segment (from the body) of the leg.
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